Wednesday, November 24, 2010

Changes in UPSC Exams (CSAT)


बुधवार, २४ नोव्हेंबर २०१०(Loksatta)
समाजात घडणाऱ्या बदलांमुळे प्रशासनासमोरची आवाहनेही बदलतात. परिणामी ही आव्हाने समर्थपणे पेलण्यासाठी आवश्यक गुण-कौशल्ये प्रशासकांना आत्मसात करावी लागतात. भारताचा विचार करता १९९१ चे उदारीकरणाचे धोरण, जागतिकीकरणाचा प्रसार, लोकशाहीकरणाची वाढती प्रक्रिया, जनमानसात निर्माण होणारी जाणीव-जागृती इ. प्रक्रियांमुळे शासन-प्रशासनासमोरील परिस्थिती बदलली आहे. प्रशासकीय अधिकाऱ्यांना या बदलास पचवून, त्यास यशस्वीपणे सामोरे जाता यावे या दृष्टीने प्रशासकीय यंत्रणा निर्माण करावी लागते. ही बाब लक्षात घेऊनच यूपीएससीने आपल्या परीक्षा पद्धतीत काही महत्त्वपूर्ण बदल केले आहेत.
केंद्रीय लोकसेवा आयोग (यूपीएससी) दरवर्षी स्पर्धा परीक्षेचे आयोजन करून भारतीय प्रशासकीय, पोलीस, परराष्ट्र, महसूल इ. विविध गट अ, गट ब सनदी सेवापदी पात्र व गुणवत्ताधारक विद्यार्थ्यांची निवड करण्याची महत्त्वाची जबाबदारी पार पाडतो. पूर्व, मुख्य व मुलाखत अशा तीन टप्प्यांत विभागलेल्या या (यूपीएससी) परीक्षेच्या माध्यमातून पात्र उमेदवार निवडले जातात.
अर्थात, प्रशासनाची जबाबदारी समर्थपणे सांभाळण्यास सक्षम उमेदवार हवा. या परीक्षेद्वारे ही क्षमता तपासली जाते. स्वाभाविकच या परीक्षेचा अभ्यासक्रम ही क्षमता तपासण्यासाठी पायाभूत व निर्णायक ठरतो. समाजात घडणाऱ्या बदलांमुळे प्रशासनासमोरची आवाहनेही बदलतात. परिणामी ही आव्हाने समर्थपणे पेलण्यासाठी आवश्यक गुण-कौशल्ये प्रशासकांना आत्मसात करावी लागतात. भारताचा विचार करता १९९१ चे उदारीकरणाचे धोरण, जागतिकीकरणाचा प्रसार, लोकशाहीकरणाची वाढती प्रक्रिया, जनमानसात निर्माण होणारी जाणीव-जागृती इ. प्रक्रियांमुळे शासन-प्रशासनासमोरील परिस्थिती बदलली आहे. प्रशासकीय अधिकाऱ्यांना या बदलास पचवून, त्यास यशस्वीपणे सामोरे जाता यावे या दृष्टीने प्रशासकीय यंत्रणा निर्माण करावी लागते. ही बाब लक्षात घेऊनच यूपीएससीने आपल्या परीक्षा पद्धतीत काही महत्त्वपूर्ण बदल केले आहेत.

या वर्षीपासून लागू होणारा हा बदल
(१)    यापूर्वी यूपीएससी पूर्वपरीक्षेत, एक वैकल्पिक विषय व दुसरा सामान्य अध्ययनाचा असे दोन पेपर्स अंतर्भूत होते. आता त्याऐवजी एक ‘सामान्य अध्ययना’चा व दुसरा ‘नागरी सेवा कल चाचणी’ (सिव्हिल सव्‍‌र्हिसेस अ‍ॅप्टीटय़ूड टेस्ट- सीसॅट) असे दोन पेपर्स असतील. थोडक्यात वैकल्पिक विषय काढून टाकण्यात आला असून, नागरी सेवा कलचाचणी या नव्या पेपरचा समावेश केला आहे.
(२)    प्रस्तुत दोन्ही पेपर्स प्रत्येकी २०० गुणांचे असतील व त्यासाठी प्रत्येकी दोन तासांचा कालावधी निर्धारित केला आहे.
(३)    मात्र या पेपर्समध्ये एकूण किती प्रश्न असतील व त्यांची गुणविभागणी कशी असेल हे अद्यापही निर्धारित केलेले नाही.
(४)    तथापि, दोन्ही पेपर्स हे वस्तुनिष्ठ व बहुपर्यायी प्रश्नांनी बनलेले असतील. या प्रश्नांचे नमुने यूपीएससीच्या संकेतस्थळावर प्रसिद्ध केले जातील, असे आयोगाने घोषित केले आहे.
(५)    सामान्य अध्ययनाचा पूर्वीचा पेपर कायम ठेवला असला तरी त्यात अभ्यासक्रमाच्या अनुषंगाने खालीलप्रमाणे काही महत्त्वाचे बदल केले आहेत.
(अ)    राष्ट्रीय, आंतरराष्ट्रीय चालू घडामोडी; भारताचा इतिहास व भारतीय स्वातंत्र्यलढा; भारताचा व जगाचा भूगोल (प्राकृतिक, सामाजिक, आर्थिक) आणि सामान्य विज्ञान हे पूर्वीचे अभ्यासघटक जशास तसे नमूद केले आहेत.
(ब)    मात्र पूर्वीच्या भारतीय राज्यघटनेऐवजी आता भारतीय राज्यव्यवस्था व कारभारप्रक्रिया असा उल्लेख केला आहे. यात राज्यघटना, राजकीय व्यवस्था, पंचायतीराज, सार्वजनिक धोरण आणि नागरिकांच्या हक्कांसंबंधी मुद्दे या घटकांचा समावेश केला आहे.
(क)    भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था या शब्दप्रयोगाऐवजी ‘आर्थिक आणि सामाजिक विकास’ असे शीर्षक उपयोजिले आहे. ज्यात चिरंतन विकास, दारिद्रय़, लोकसंख्याशास्त्र, सामाजिक क्षेत्रातील पुढाकार या घटकांचा अंतर्भाव केला आहे.
(ड)    पर्यावरणीय परिस्थिती, जैवविविधता आणि हवामान बदल यासंबंधी सर्वसाधारण कळीचे मुद्दे हा घटक नव्यानेच नमूद केला आहे.
द्रीय लोकसेवा आयोगाने यूपीएससी परीक्षेच्या प्रस्तुत पूर्व, मुख्य व मुलाखत या तीन टप्प्यांपैकी सद्यस्थितीत केवळ पूर्वपरीक्षेच्या संदर्भातच बदल केलेले आहेत. २०११ च्या पूर्वपरीक्षेपासून म्हणजे या वर्षीपासून लागू होणारा हा बदल पुढीलप्रमाणे लक्षात घेता येतो.
त्यामुळे सामान्य अध्ययनाची तयारी करताना जुन्याच पद्धतीचा अवलंब न करता अभ्यासक्रमात समाविष्ट केलेल्या नव्या अभ्यास घटकांचा विचार करून आपल्या अभ्यास पद्धतीत बदल करणे अत्यावश्यक आहे. एनसीईआरटीची पायाभूत पुस्तके; द हिंदू, इंडियन एक्स्प्रेस ही वर्तमानपत्रे; फ्रंटलाईन व योजना आणि भारतीय सरकारचे ‘इंडिया इयर बुक’ हे संदर्भग्रंथ, तसेच त्या त्या घटकांवरील प्रमाणित पुस्तकांचा अवलंब करून सामान्य अध्ययनाची तयारी करावी.
विद्यार्थ्यांच्या दृष्टीने पाहता ‘नागरी सेवा कल चाचणी’चा केलेला समावेश हा संपूर्णत: नवा बदल आहे. त्यामुळे विद्यार्थ्यांच्या मनामध्ये काहीशी भीती निर्माण झाल्याचे चित्र आहे. विशेषत: मराठी माध्यमाच्या व ग्रामीण पाश्र्वभूमी असणाऱ्या विद्यार्थ्यांना हा पेपर आव्हानात्मक वाटू शकतो. तथापि या पेपरमध्ये समाविष्ट केलेल्या सर्व अभ्यास घटकांचा पद्धतशीर विचार करून ४-५ महिने दररोज तयारी केल्यास हा पेपरदेखील सुलभ बनवता येतो.
अशा सात अभ्यास घटकांचा समावेश केला आहे. अर्थात यूपीएससीने हा अभ्यासक्रम समाविष्ट करताना अंकगणितीय कौशल्ये व इंग्रजी भाषा आकलन कौशल्ये हे घटक ‘दहावी’च्या दर्जाचे असतील हेही नमूद केले आहे. या नव्या विषयाची तयारी करताना गोंधळून न जाता विद्यार्थ्यांनी प्रत्येक अभ्यास घटकाचा अर्थ समजून घ्यावा व त्यानुसार भरपूर व नियमित सरावाद्वारे या विषयाची तयारी करावी. सर्वसाधारणत: अनेकांना असे वाटते की, एमबीएसाठी ज्या पात्रता परीक्षा घेतल्या जातात तशाच प्रकारे ही कलचाचणी अवघड असणार. त्यामुळे गणित, बुद्धिमापन चाचणी व इंग्रजीची सवय असणाऱ्या विद्यार्थ्यांना हा विषय सुलभ ठरेल. तथापि या विषयाचे मानक ‘दहावी’च्या पातळीवरील असल्याकारणाने विद्यार्थ्यांना भीती बाळगण्याचे कारण नाही. अशी पाश्र्वभूमी नसणारा विद्यार्थी सरावाद्वारे चांगली तयारी करू शकतो.

चाचणी कल
(१)    आकलन कौशल्य (Comprehension)
(२) व्यक्ती-व्यक्तीतील संवाद, संभाषण व इतर कौशल्ये (Interpersonal Skills Including Communication Skills)
(३)    तार्किक विचार व विश्लेषणात्मक क्षमता (Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability)
(४)    निर्णय प्रक्रिया व समस्यांची सोडवणूक (Decision Making and Problem Solving)
(५)    सामान्य बुद्धिमत्ता चाचणी (General Mental Ability)
(६)    मूलभूत अंकगणितीय कौशल्य व सामग्री विश्लेषण (Basic Numeracy and Data Interpretation)
(७)     इंग्रजी भाषेचे आकलन कौशल्य (English Language Comprehension Skills)

प्रस्तुत कलचाचणी विषयाची तयारी करताना विद्यार्थ्यांनी पुढील बाबी लक्षात घेतल्या पाहिजेत. एक, या पेपरमध्ये इंग्रजी भाषेचे आकलन या पेपरमधील आकलन कौशल्य, संभाषण-संवाद कौशल्ये, निर्णयप्रक्रिया व इंग्रजी भाषा आकलन कौशल्ये या अभ्यास घटकांच्या बाबतीत महत्त्वाचे ठरणार आहे. अर्थात इथे निबंधवजा प्रश्न नसल्याने इंग्रजी भाषेतून काहीही लिहायचे नाही, तर पेपरमधील इंग्रजी भाग वाचून त्यावरील प्रश्नांखाली दिलेल्या अचूक पर्यायाची निवड करायची आहे. त्यामुळे किमानपक्षी इंग्रजी वाचून त्यातील आशय समजण्याइतपत इंग्रजीचे ज्ञान अवगत करणे अत्यावश्यक ठरते. अर्थात यूपीएससीची तयारी करणारा प्रत्येक विद्यार्थी (मराठी माध्यमातील विद्यार्थीदेखील) हिंदू, एक्स्प्रेस यांसारखी इंग्रजी वर्तमानपत्रे व फ्रंटलाईन, योजना, इंडिया इयर बुकसारखे इंग्रजीतील संदर्भ साहित्य वाचत असल्याने इंग्रजीबाबत भय बाळगण्याचे कारण नाही. मात्र आता हे संदर्भ साहित्य वाचताना इंग्रजी आकलनाकडे जाणीवपूर्वक लक्ष द्यावे लागणार आहे. म्हणजे योग्य शब्द, त्यांचे अर्थ, व्याकरण, त्यातील घटक याचा रीतसर अभ्यास महत्त्वाचा ठरणार आहे. नियमित वाचन व भरपूर सरावाच्या माध्यमातून कोणत्याही विद्यार्थ्यांला इंग्रजी भाषेचे आकलन लागणार आहे. आकलनाबरोबरच संवादात नेमक्या सूचित बाबींचे आकलन उमेदवारात आहे की नाही, त्याचा प्रतिसाद योग्य आहे की नाही आणि त्याच्याकडे नेतृत्व गुण आहेत का, इ.ची चाचपणी केली जाणार आहे. अशा प्रकारच्या घटकांचा समावेश असणाऱ्या संदर्भ साहित्याचे भरपूर वाचन व प्रश्नांचा सराव केल्यास हे कौशल्य अवगत होईल यात शंका नाही.
तार्किक विचार व विश्लेषणात्मक क्षमतेवर आधारित प्रश्नांना अनेक विधाने दिली जातील आणि त्या विधानाशी निगडित निष्कर्ष पर्यायात अंतर्भूत केले जातील. अर्थात यासाठी विद्यार्थ्यांच्या तार्किक विचार व पृथ्थकरणाची क्षमता महत्त्वाची ठरणार आहे. भरपूर सरावाद्वारेच असे कौशल्य आत्मसात करता येईल.
‘प्रकरण अभ्यासा’च्या पद्धतीद्वारे विद्यार्थ्यांची निर्णय व समस्यांची उकल करण्याची क्षमता तपासली जाणार आहे. विद्यार्थी एखाद्या परिस्थितीत निर्णय कसे घेतो? त्यावेळी परिस्थितीच्या सर्व बाजू लक्षात घेतो का? त्यांच्या परिणामांचा विचार करतो का? उपलब्ध पर्यायाची कशी तुलना करतो? आणि अंतिमत: समस्येची उकल अपेक्षितपणे करतो का? या बाबी तपासल्या जातील. या घटकाच्या बाबतीत विद्यार्थ्यांचे भोवतालच्या परिस्थितीचे आकलन, त्यातील बारकावे, समस्या व उपाय यासंबंधी ज्ञान निर्णायक ठरणार आहे.
वास्तविक पाहता सामान्य अध्ययनाच्या जुन्या अभ्यासक्रमात सामान्य बुद्धिमत्ता चाचणी हा घटक अंतर्भूत होताच. मात्र अनेक विद्यार्थी या घटकाची तयारी फारच कमी करत असत. आता मात्र याची तयारी करावी लागणार आहे. संख्याश्रेणी व पायाभूत गणितीय कौशल्यावर आधारित हा घटक नियमित व भरपूर सरावाच्या माध्यमातून पद्धतशीररीत्या तयार करता येतो. त्याचप्रमाणे मूलभूत अंकगणितीय कौशल्ये व सामग्री विश्लेषणाची तयारी करताना सरावास पर्याय नाही. अंकगणितीय कौशल्यात विविध प्रकारची गणिते, त्यातील सूत्र व पद्धती यांचा सराव केल्यास हा घटक चांगल्या रीतीने तयार करता येईल. सामग्री विश्लेषणातील तक्ते, आलेख व सांख्यिकी माहिती यांचे काळजीपूर्वक व विचारपूर्वक वाचन महत्त्वाचे आहे.
शेवटी इंग्रजी भाषेचे आकलन कौशल्य आत्मसात करताना वर नमूद केल्याप्रमाणे शब्दसंग्रह; वाक्यरचना, तिचे विविध प्रकार, वाक्यात योग्य व अचूक शब्दांचा वापर, इंग्रजी व्याकरण या बाबी मध्यवर्ती असतील.
एकंदर ‘नागरी सेवा कल चाचणी’ हा विषय मुख्यत: नियमित व भरपूर सरावावर आधारित आहे हे लक्षात येते. जशी सामान्य अध्ययनात भरपूर वाचन करून त्यातील माहिती लक्षात ठेवावी लागते तशी बाब या पेपरच्या बाबतीत आढळत नाही. दुसऱ्या बाजूला किमान वेळेत प्रश्नांची उकल ही बाबही महत्त्वाची ठरणार आहे. थोडक्यात वेळेचा मुद्दा निर्णायक ठरणार आहे. सराव हेच यावरील उत्तर आहे.
एकंदर या बदलाचा स्वागतार्ह पाऊल म्हणून स्वीकार करून विद्यार्थ्यांनी त्याच्या तयारीस प्रारंभ केला पाहिजे. इंग्रजी व अंकगणितीय बाबींना न भिता नियमित व भरपूर सरावाद्वारे या पेपरसाठी आवश्यक कौशल्य आत्मसात करता येतात यात शंका नाही. तेव्हा तुमच्या तयारीस शुभेच्छा!

    Monday, November 8, 2010

    Monday, October 4, 2010

    Personalities from Maharashtra (Part--1)


      Prominent Personalities
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               Chintamanrao Patwardhan

    • Chintamanrao Appasaheb Patwardhan
           He was born on 14th Feb.1890. He completed his education from Rajkumar College, Rajkot. He stood first in English and secured a gold medal. He then worked under the guidance of Capt.Burke, an able administrator. On June 2, 1910 he took over as the ruler of Sangli. The rule of Sangli was spread over Solapur, Sangli, Satara and Belgum. Between 1905 to 1910 he continued the practice of Rayat Sabhas, started by Capt. Burke, to get a first hand knowledge of the problems of the people. In order to have a good administration, he inducted retired ICS officers and high court judges.
          Rajasaheb introduced many agricultural reforms during his reign. He undertook scientific survey of the natural resources in Sangli and on that basis he introducted improvements. He built small dams, bandharas, talis in order to increase area under irrigation. He started many schemes to increase the production of milk also. Rajasaheb introduced 'Gramodyog Yojana' to develop the rural areas. He played a major role in starting the Sangli District Co-operative Bank with share capital of Rs.2 lakhs. In the field of industries, he encouraged Dadasaheb Velankar to start the Shri Gajanan Mills and helped Shirgaonkar brothers to start Sugar factory at Sangli. He also established the Sangli Bank with his personal capital. Rajasaheb played a major role in the spread of education in Sangli. He made primary education free as well as compulsory. He took lead in establishing Willingdon College and Engineering college at Sangli. The state also was a pioneer in giving adult education and schools exclusively for girls.
    in 1960, the people of Sangli celebrated with grate fronts, the 70th birthday of Rajasaheb. The Indian government awarded him the 'Padmabhushan'.
    Rajasaheb left for his heavenly abode on 23 Feb.1965. 
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               Vishnudas Bhave

    • Vishnudas Bhave
           Leading Dramatist of Maharashtra. The first play in  Marathi  " Sita Swayamvar " was  staged  first  in Sangli  1843  by  Vishnudas  Bahave.  Thus,  Sangli was  honored  as  the  Birth  Place  of  Drama  in Maharashtra. In this venture, Vishnudas Bhave was fully  supported  by   Rajasaheb  Chintamanrao Patwardhan.  After  the  success  of  the  play  "Sita Swayamvar " Bhave staged plays on episodes of theRamayana.  He  traveled  lot with his troupes for the plays.   He   also   ventured   into    Puppet   shows. Vishnudas Bhave died on 9th August 1901.
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          Natyacharya         G.B.Deval       
    • Govind Ballal Deval
          Govind Ballal Deval is considered among the leading dramatists of Maharshtra. He along with the Vishnudas Bhave and Krishnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar considered to be the Brahma, Mahesh and Vishnu of theatre in Maharshtra. Deval devoted himself completely to the development of theatre in Maharashtra. He wrote first play "Durga" which was based on the tragic lief-story of Durga. He was honored by special prize for this play.  He wrote many Sangeet plays like "Shap-sambhram", "Mruchha-katik" , "Sharada", "Sanshaykallol",  "Zunjarrao- based on Shakespear's Othello. All the plays were very successful. Sharda and Sanshaykallol are still played on Marathi theatre.      
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         Dadasaheb Velankar                               
    • Dadasaheb Velankar
           Dadasaheb Velankar, a pioneer of Industries in Sangli. Initially, he worked in cotton mill, Solapur. In 1908, he started his own industry with 2 looms at his native place Limba. He device is own procedure to weave economically and effectively. In 1914, he started a factory  Shri Gajanan Weaving Mills with 3 looms and later it was a big establishment with 300 looms. The products 'Sari' and 'dhoti' were popular in maharashtra. In 1935, Dadasaheb went to Japan to study the new techniques. He returned and started manufacturing cloths called 'Valkali '. 
            On his 61st birthday, he was weighed in Gold and from the gold that he received, he formed many trusts to help poor and needy. In 1953, he voluntarily retired from the business and handed over to his son. After that he wrote 14 books. he died on 21st April 1978.
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    nanapatil.jpg (7292 bytes)       Krantisinh  Nana  Patil       
    • Krantisinh Nanasaheb Patil
          Nanasaheb Ramchandra Patil,was born in Sangli district popularly known as 'Krantisinh Nana Patil' was the topmost revolutionary in freedom struggle of India. He established parallel Govt. named as Prati Sarkar (' popularly known as 'Patri Sarkar')  for 4 and half years ( Aug.1943 to May 1946) in 150 villages.
         The devoted leader was several times imprisoned during struggle with British Raj. For a period of 44 months he was underground in 'Quit India' movement in 1942. Instead of only non co-operative movement, his method of direct attack to British Govt. was widely accepted in this district.  He died on 6th Dec. 1976.
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        V.S. Khandekar 
    • V.S.Khandekar 
           Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar born on 11 Jan 1898 in sangli. His father was Munsif in Sangli principality. They were financially well and many people from literary field visited them. He was interested in drama. At his school age he staged plays with his friends. After his fathers death he had to give up his drama dream. He then worked as teacher for 18 years. During this period he wrote short stories, novels, essays, transformations, editorials and many articles, initiating the "Khandekar Era" in Marathi literature. In 1941, he became the president of Marathi Sahitya Sammelan. In 1974 he was rewarded by Jnanpeeth award for his excellent novel "Yayati".  
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        Cricketer Vijay Hazare 
    • Vijay Hazare
           Vijay Hazare born in Sangli on 11 Mar. 1915. His father was teacher in Sangli Mission School. Vijay Hazare was good in football also. While making a career he choose cricket as profession. He was selected to play first class cricket against the M.C.C. led by Douglas Jardine of the Bodyline fame. He also played for Maharashtra in Ranaji Trophy matches. He has a century partnership with D.B.Deodhar. He also played under C.K. Naydu. He couldn't play in test matches due to the 2nd World War. In 1939-40 he played for Maharashtra at an average of 154 and got Ranaji trophy for Maharashtra. He migrated to Baroda where he got a job and later he played for Baroda for many years. His friendly competition with Vijay Marchants is well known.  In Ranaji Trophy matches, he made 6321 runs with 22 centuries. He also has 291 wickets to his credit in Ranaji.  
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    Padmabhushan Vasantdada Patil



    • Vasantdada Patil
           Born on 13th Nov.1917. 'Padmale' 3 km from Sangli is his native village. He studied upto the vernacular final. Then he took interest in his farm. He woked there and faced many problems. He always took leading part in problem solving. He took part in freedom struggle. In 1942, Mahatma Gandhi started 'Satyagraha movement'. Vinoba Bhave was the first 'satyagrahi' and from tasgaon Vasantdada was the firdt 'satyagrahi' . For this he was jailed. In the jail, he came under the influence of people like Babasaheb Kher, Sardar Patel and others. He was also influenced by Netaji Subhashchandra Bose and he believed that only 'satyagraha', morchas or peoples movements would not get freedom. So he looted railways, merchants, got guns and revolvers from Goa. Many criminal cases were filled against him. British govt. declared prize of Rs.1000 for him. He tried to escape from the jail but badly injured. He was then sentenced 13 years imprisonment. But on 25th April 1946 he was released. He was tremendously welcome by Sangli people reminding the return of Shri Rama from Lanka.
         After independence he started working on farmers problems. He established Market Committee on 1951, with main intension of giving proper prices to agriculture products. In 1958, he started Co-opratative Sugar factory on 90 acres land. n 1960, he started Industrial Society on 135 acres land. ITI were stared to give technical training to youth. He made efforts to increase irrigation in Sangli. In 1960 he became the Chief promoter of Groundnut Processors Co-operative Society. In the field of education he was Chairman of Latthe Education Society. He started Miraj Medical College, Civil hospital, Akashwani (All India Radio station) a Sangli. 
         He was active in politics from 1937 he became minister only in 1972 till 1976. In 1976 he was deleted from the cabinet. He was very disappointed. But overcoming this disappointment, he became Chief Minister of Maharashtra 4 times between 1976 to 1985. He died on 1 March 1989.
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        The Mangeshkar family 
    • The MANGESHKAR
           It is the fortune of the Sangli that the renowned Mangeshkar family were residents of Sangli for 14 years. The place where they resided is still known as 'Dinanath Chowk'. Dinnath Mangeshkar and Balawant Natak Mandali staged various sangeet plays like 'Manapman', 'BhavBandhan', 'Soubhadra' and many. later with advent of family he had to close down his drama company. He tried his hand in cinema but the picture was flopped and he was in big financial problem. He died at the age of 42 only.
         But his 5 children kept his name  alive. Asha, Usha and Hridayanath  were born in Sangli. All 5 childrens of Dinanath are excellent singers. Hridayanath is also music director. Lata Mangeshkar sung thousands of songs in almost all India languages. She is still lending her voice to young heroines. Asha Bhosale in her 60's captured the heart of youngsters with her pop songs. Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosale received numerous awards. Lata has recently honored  with  BHARAT RATNA Award and Asha Bhosale with Dadasaheb Phalke Award.  on 26 Feb 2000, the Mayor of Sangli Shri Suresh Patil brought the Mangeshkars together on the centenary celebrations of Dinanath Mangeshkar and Mangeshkar were felicitated in Sangli.
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    Source---http://sangli.gov.in/htmldocs/prominet_personalities1.htm

    Sunday, October 3, 2010

    SRA Scheme


    It is estimated that more than 55% of Mumbai's population stays in slums.To ameliorate the problems of slums dwellers the Government of Maharashtra appointed a comittee chaired by the Chief Secretary of Maharashtra , Shri Dinesh Afzalpurkar  in 1995 to devise a scheme to rehabilitate slum dwellers in slums existent as of 01/01/1995.

          The Afzulpurkar Committee estimated that for close to 80% of the slum settlements, in-situ rehabilitation should be feasible. The study group stated: "The slums and hutment dwellers of unauthorised structures form an integral part of this vibrant metropolis. All of them undoubtedly have a share in the growth, status and prosperity of this great city. They have had and continue to have a share in building up and maintaining the commercial, industrial and economic importance of Brihan Mumbai. A large percentage of them belong to the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. We cannot be oblivious of the fact that slum-dwellers have not willingly chosen their shanty structures and unhygienic environment but have been driven to this option due to compelling circumstances as they were thrown out of the formal housing sector, the latter being unaffordable and much beyond their income levels. It is imperative to enhance their standard of living and for which an authorized dwelling unit is a first step in the right direction. This, in turn, will bring about a marked improvement in their hygiene and health as well as raise the level of public hygiene which has fallen to very low ebb. For lifting them from their present levels, cross-subsidisation of the cost of their dwelling units and allotting them free of charge, though not supported by housing philosophy, had become a necessity and a cure in the given situation. The slum-dwellers deserve this preferential- probably unequal treatment to bring them into the mainstream of social, cultural and economic fabric of this pulsating City. The study group has relied heavily on this philosophy."

    " if inequality has to be removed, there have to be unequal laws". "

    Monday, July 12, 2010

    MPSC Quiz 3

    http://aamhimarathi.in/images/scrap.jpghttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2xRA-AmlfFDcmNQhq30udB1UwjNOXPKgBG-lTbNKrupVTutQ7ZhmOXu8vvSvmj1IOIuAQ2KhQ4abRi_O3tX4XRRNsiXNrLbXElLpP-RQ2DR9y08ertnrvmE5aC_NZV5C8wztOraRHs7Q/s1600-r/Maharashtra_Map_2001.jpghttp://www.indianetzone.com/photos_gallery/11/Kalsubai_19717.jpg

    Q 1:Third Largest state in India?
    Gujarat
    Maharashtra
    Rajasthan



    Q 2:..............., a peak in the Sahyadris,near Nashik City is the highest elevated point in Maharashtra.

    Anjani Parvat
    Kalsubai
    Salher




    Q 3:The city of Bhusawal is situated on banks of river?
    Godawari
    Narmada
    Tapi




    Q 4:The earliest inhabitants of the seven islands of Mumbai were the ?
    Korkus
    Kolis
    Kulas




    Q 5:The world famous Prince of Wales Museum houses an exquisite collection of Rajput and Mughal miniatures, as well as rare pieces of Tibetan, Japanese and Chinese art.Where is it situated?
    Nashik
    Mumbai
    Pune




    Q 6:The British developed Pune as a military town when they captured it in?
    1886
    1905
    1818




    Q 7:Bajaj Auto, the world’s largest manufacturer of scooters and three wheelers, TELCO (Tata Electric and Locomotive Company), the manufacturer of India’s primary commercial vehicles and trucks, and the luxury car-maker, Mercedes Benz are located in ?
    Nashik
    Pune
    Aurangabad




    Q 8:Nashik is located at a distance of ..... km approximately from Mumbai by road on the Bombay-Agra highway.
    250
    195
    120




    Q 9:Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah II, and the then ruler of the Deccan (central parts of Southern India), founded ............. in 1610.
    Malegoan
    Miraj
    Aurangabad




    Q 10:The Bibi-ka-Maqbara is the only example of Mughal architecture in the Deccan plateau; it was built in 1679 as a tribute to Aurangzeb’s wife, Begum Rabia Durani, by his son.Where is situated?
    Pune
    Aurangabad
    Nagpur



    Q 11:................is famous for Paithani saris, himroo shawls and bidri work (zinc with silver embedding).
    Aurangabad
    Bhusawal
    Miraj



    Q 12:Which among the following city is situated on banks of the river Panchganga?

    Aurangabad
    Kolhapur
    Paithan




    Q 13:The ......................... contains sizeable deposits of illimenite.
    Nagpur
    KG Basin
    Ratnagiri Coast




    Q 14:Maharashtra has how many districts?
    35
    32
    30




    Q 15:Whose present Maharashtra Governor?
    Alexander
    K. Sankaranarayanan
    SC Jamir




    Q 16:Name the region which is famous for growing oranges and cotton and it also holds two-thirds of Maharashtra’s mineral resources, three quarters of its forest resources and is a net producer of power.
    Khandesh
    Marathwada
    Vidharbha




    Q 17:Originally The Khandesh state was found and ruled by Faruqi dynasty with capital at .................
    Burhanpur
    Malegoan
    Dhadgaon




    Q 18:The source of river Purna is?
    Amarkantak hills
    Ajantha Hills
    Kalsubai




    Q 19:.................provided many freedom fighters to the country, Dhanaji Nana, Dadusinh, Vyankatrao randheer, Shivaji Patil, Uttamrao Patil, Lilatai Patil, Shirishkumar were the famous characters. Late Sonusingh Patil, Dadasaheb Raval, P.K. Patil, Udesing Anna Pawar, Pundlik Jibhau, KakaBaba(Purmepada) are the main faces who representated this area.
    Marathwada
    Vidharba
    Khandesh




    Q 20:..............is the hometown of the Smt. Pratibha Patil, President of India.
    Jalgoan
    Akola
    Dhule


    Q 21:Which of the following is not situated on NH6?
    Nashik
    Dhule
    Nagpur



    Q 22:Dhule lies in the Khandesh region, which forms the northwest corner of southern India's Deccan Plateau in the valley of the Tapi river along the banks of ............river

    Panchganga
    Panzara
    Pravara




    Q 23:Bombay State had three chief ministers in its history. ............... was the first Chief Minister of Bombay after India gained independence.
    Yashwantrao Chavan
    Morarji Desai
    Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher




    Q 24:In year, 1957 Yashwantrao Chavan was elected from .......... constituency. This time he was elected as Leader of Congress Legislative Party and became Chief Minister of bilingual Bombay state.
    Karad
    Khamgoan
    Chopada




    Q 25:The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) New Delhi established the Krishi Vigyan Kendra at Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University in 1994 at?.
    Pune
    Nashik
    Nagpur

    Sunday, July 11, 2010

    MPSC Quiz (Focus --- Social Reform Movement in Maharashtra)

    http://www.topnews.in/files/Baba-Amte.jpg http://www.cwds.ac.in/NewReleases/May08/6.jpghttp://mahatmaphule.com/images/buntitle2.gif


    Q 1:He was the first editor of Kesari, a prominent Marathi weekly in his days which was started by Lokmanya Tilak in 1880-81. He subsequently left Kesari out of ideological differences with Tilak concerning the primacy of political reforms versus social reforms, and started his own periodical Sudharak.Who is he?
    Hamid Dalwai
    Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
    Raghunath Dhondo Karve


    Q 2:He was a professor of mathematics and a visionary social reformer from Maharashtra, India. He was a pioneer in initiating family planning and birth control for masses in Mumbai in 1921.He was also the eldest son of Bharat Ratna winner? Who was he?

    M V Dhond
    Raghunath Dhondo Karve
    Yashawant Dinkar Phadke



    Q 3:................worked as a journalist. He works include Lat (लाट) (The Wave) and Indhan (इंधन) (Fuel) in Marathi, and Muslim Politics In Secular India in English.
    Azis-un-Nisa
    Syed Ahmed Khan
    Hamid Dalwai



    Q 4:................. through his shatpatre (a bunch of letters numbering 100 - exact no. is 108) attacked orthodox Brahmans opposing social and religious reforms in Maharashtra.
    Jotirao Phule
    Gopal Hari Deshmukh
    Balshastri Jambhekar



    Q 5:Who started Seva Sadan for the care of women of all castes?
    Justice Ranade
    Behramji Malbari
    Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar



    Q 6:................founded the Sharada Sadan in 1890 to help upper-class widows.
    Jotirao Phule
    Shahu Maharaj
    Pandita Ramabai



    Q 7:...........established Satyashodhak Samaj.
    Pandita Ramabai
    Jotirao Phule
    Shahu Maharaj



    Q 8:...............fought for the eradication of untouchability through his Depressed Classes Mission.
    Justice Ranade
    Vitthal Ramji Shinde
    Shahu Maharaj



    Q 9:......... was the architect of the Rayat Shikshan Sanstha.
    Jotirao Phule
    Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj
    Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil



    Q 10:................ was the chief architect of the Indian Constitution and the creator of a social and political awareness among the Scheduled Castes of India.
    CD Deshmukh
    BR Ambedkar
    Malvankar


    Q 11:................., the spiritual heir of Gandhi, sacrificed his life for sarvodaya.
    Vinoba Bhave
    Tarabai Modak
    Baba Amte


    Q 12:.................is also known as Father of Marathi journalism for his efforts in starting journalism in Marathi language with the first newspaper in the language named 'Darpan' in the early days of British Rule in India.

    Lokhitwadi
    Balashastri Jambhekar
    Justice Ranade



    Q 13:The Crawford Market in Mumbai is officially named after him.He was a member of Pune municipality from 1876 to 1882.Dhananjay Keer, his biographer, rightly notes him as "the father of Indian social revolution". Who is he?
    BR Ambedkar
    Shahu Maharaj
    Jotirao Phule



    Q 14:He is credited with doing much to further the lot of the lower castes, and indeed this assessment is warranted. He did much to make education and employment available to all: he not only subsidized education in his state, eventually providing free education to all, but also opened several hostels in Kolhapur for students hailing from many different non-brahmin communities, thereby facilitating the education of the rural and low-caste indigent. He also ensured suitable employment for students thus educated, thereby creating one of the earliest Affirmative action programs in history. Many of these measures were effected in the year 1902.There is one college named Rajaram college built by him. Who is he?
    Shahu Maharaj
    BR Ambedkar
    Dhondo Karve



    Q 15:Click wrong option
    Pandita Ramabai -Sharada Sadan
    Anutai Wagh-Prarthana Sabha
    Behramji Malbari-Seva Sadan



    Q 16:He spent the later part of his life at his ashram in Paunar, Maharashtra. He controversially backed the Indian Emergency imposed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, calling it Anushasana Parva (Time for Discipline).Who are we talking about?
    Jotiba Phule
    BR Ambedkar
    Vinoba Bhave



    Q 17:.............founded the Lok Biradari Prakalp to work among the Madia Gond tribal people of Gadchiroli District.
    Baba Amte
    Tukdoji Maharaj
    BR Ambedkar



    Q 18:..................in his book The Rise of Maratha Power comments on the role played by the saints thus: The saints reduced the inequality amongst various castes. By creating an atmosphere of equality in Maharashtra they prepared the ground, in which Shivaji Maharaj could sow the seed of freedom later.
    G Malvankar
    Justice Ranade
    BR Ambedkar



    Q 19:Who writes in his autobiobraphy "… I was married at the age of fourteen and my wife was then eight. Her family lived very near to ours, and we knew each other very well and had often played together. However, after marriage, we had to forget our old relation as playmates and to behave as strangers, often looking toward each other but never standing together to exchange words…. We had to communicate with each other through my sister…… My marital life began under the parental roof at Murud when I was twenty…".?
    Gopalrao Khedkar
    Dr Shivaji Patwardhan
    Dhondo Keshav Karve



    Q 20:Strong advocate of education of the masses, he was the founder of Rayat Education Society, one of the most important educational institution in Maharashtra.Whose he?
    Karamveer bhaurao Patil
    Shahu Maharaj
    Justice Ranade

    Saturday, July 3, 2010

    Quiz1 (MPSC)

    http://www.holidayiq.com/uploadimages/Maharashtra-1257_32.jpg http://www.rrindia.com/gifs/map_maharashtra.jpghttp://mahapolice.gov.in/mahapolice/images/lonar_buldhana.GIF

    Q 1:In 90 A.D. Vedishri,son of the Satavahana king Satakarni, the "Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty", made ..........., thirty miles north of Pune, the capital of his kingdom.
    Vadagoan
    Junnar
    Phursungi



    Q 2:The great ruler ....................... (also known as "Shalivahan") ruled around 78 CE He started the Shalivahana era, a new calendar, still used by Maharashtrian populace and as the Indian national calendar.

    Ashoka
    Gautamiputra Satkarni
    Vikramaditya




    Q 3:Maharashtra came under Islamic influence for the first time after the Delhi Sultanate rulers Ala-ud-din Khalji, and later Muhammad bin Tughluq conquered parts of the Deccan in the .....th century.
    10
    15
    13




    Q 4:Shivaji's son and successor Chhatrapatti Sambhaji Bhosale became the ruler of the Maratha kingdom in 1680. He was captured, tortured and brutally put to death by....................
    Bahadur Shah
    Aurangzeb
    Afzalkhan




    Q 5:In 1714, Shahu's Peshwa (chief minister) Balaji Vishwanath, helped him seize the Maratha throne in 1708, with some acrimony from Rajaram's widow,...........?
    Ahilyabai
    Tarabai
    Jijabai




    Q 6:.................. remained in power in Nagpur even after loss of Marathas at Panipat in 1818, till 1853. Nagpur Kingdom was the last of the Kingdoms or Princely States in entire India to be annexed to British India in 1853.
    Scindias
    Holkars
    Bhonsles




    Q 7:After suffering a stinging defeat at the hands of Afghan chieftain ,........................ in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, the Maratha Confederacy broke into regional kingdoms.
    Ghazni
    Ahmad Shah Abdali
    Babur




    Q 8:With the arrival and subsequent involvement of the British East India Company in Indian politics, the Marathas and the British fought the ....... Anglo-Maratha wars between 1777 and 1818, culminating in the annexation of Peshwa-ruled territory in Maharashtra in 1819, which heralded the end of the Maratha empire.
    five
    three
    one




    Q 9:1919: Congress Democratic Party includes demand of state of Maharashtra in its manifesto. The manifesto is drafted under leadership of .................
    Lokhitwadi
    Agarkar
    Tilak




    Q 10:Oct 15, 1938: A Marathi literary meet, presided over by .........., passes a resolution for a separate state for Marathi speaking areas including Vidharbha.
    Tilak
    VD Sawarkar
    RD Chaphekar



    Q 11:Jun 17, 1948: The Union government appoints a commission to be headed by the president of the constitutional council, .................., to study the formation of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala.
    SK Dhar
    BR Ambedkar
    Sardar Patel



    Q 12:Dec 1948: The Congress accepts the principle of the formation of the states on linguistic lines at its Jaipur conclave. A committee comprising .................., Jawaharlal Nehru and Vallabhbhai Patel is formed to reconsider this issue.

    SK Dhar
    Pittabhi Sitaramiya
    BR Ambedkar




    Q 13:Nov 20, 1955: Morarji Desai and SK Patil hold rally at ....................challenging the supporters of Samyukta Maharashtra.
    LalBagh
    Fountain
    Girgaum Chowpatty




    Q 14:Third largest state in India?
    Maharashtra
    Madhya Pradesh
    Rajasthan




    Q 15:...................., a peak in the Sahyadris,near Nashik City is the highest elevated point in Maharashtra.
    Anjani Parwat
    Kalsubai
    Jejuri




    Q 16:A crater lake is situated on the outskirts of Lonar town in district Buldhana, Maharashtra. The impact of a huge meteor that descended on earth from space carved out a bowl roughly ...... kilometre in diameter believed to be formed 50,000 years ago.
    1.1
    1.5
    1.8




    Q 17:Lonar Lake is the third largest natural salt-water lake in the ........
    world
    India
    Asia




    Q 18:According to Sanskrit literature, ............. was called ‘Viraj Kshetra’ in ancient times
    Pune
    Lonar
    Junnar




    Q 19:Navegaon National Park, located near ............. in the eastern region of Vidarbha is home to many species of birds, deer, bears and leopards.
    Gadchiroli
    Bhandara
    Gondia




    Q 20:Tadoba Andhari Tiger Project, a prominent tiger reserve near ............ in Vidarbha.
    Chandrapur
    Gondia
    Gadchiroli


    Q 21:Chandoli National Park, located in ............. district has a vast variety of flora and fauna. The famous Prachitgad Fort and Chandoli dam and scenic water falls can be found around Chandoli National Park.
    Sangli
    Satara
    Solapur



    Q 22:Gugamal National Park, also known as Melghat Tiger Reserve is located in ............ district.

    Nagpur
    Amravati
    Akola




    Q 23:Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust in .................. is the busiest port in India.
    Alibaug
    Mumbai Suburban
    Navi Mumbai




    Q 24:Shri Guru Gobind Singhji institute of engineering and technology is located at?
    Nanded
    Nashik
    Nagpur




    Q 25:National Defence Academy is located at?
    Nashik
    Pune
    Mumbai